Electrolyte Disorders: Derangements of Serum Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium
نویسنده
چکیده
W balance is measured by changes in osmolality. Osmolality is the number of osmotically active particles (osmoles) per liter of solution. (Osmolarity is expressed per kilogram). Hypo-osmolality indicates an excess of water relative to osmoles; hyperosmolality indicates water deficiency. The serum osmolality [in milliosmols per liter (mosm/L)] can be calculated by the following formula: Serum osmolality = 2 (Na+ + K+) + (glucose/18) + (urea/2.8)
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تاریخ انتشار 2003